ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Chapter VI
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
A.
Defininition
Clausa yang
berfungsi sebagai adverb.
Position of
Adverbial Clauses:
1.
Initial (awal)
Form :
|
E.g.
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
As she is getting sick, she looks so pale.
2.
Middle (tengah)
Form :
S , Conj + S + V , V
Sub-Clause
Main
Clause
|
E.g.
He, because he was sleepy, went to bed.
She, as she is getting sick, looks so pale.
3.
Final (akhir)
|
E.g.
He went to bed because he was sleepy.
She looks so
pale as
she is getting sick,.
B.
KINDS
1.
AVC of Comparison
§ Position : final
§ Conjunction : positive : as/so (adj/adv)as
comparative :
comp. than
§ Peringkasan :
Abridgment (Ellipsis)
E.g.
a.
She works as hard as her
husband (works). [subject retained]
b.
She desires happiness more than
(she desires) wealth. [object
retained]
c.
He is getting better than (he
was) yesterday. [adverb retained]
2.
AVC of Condition
§ Position :
initial, final
§ Conjunction : (jika)
- If -
suppose/supposing (that)
- If only - provided/providing
(that)
- Even if - as/so
long as
- In the event (that) - whether
….. or (whether)…
- On condition (that) - Unless (jika … tdk…)
- In case
§ Peringkasan :
E.g.
a.
If I see him, I’ll invite him to our party tomorrow.
b.
She would forgive her husband if
only he would come back to her.
c.
Even if I had known about the
meeting, I couldn’t have come.
d.
In the event that the performance is called
off, I’ll let you know at once.
e.
We will be glad to go with you
to the theater tonight provided that we can get a baby-sitter.
f.
The company will agree to
arbitration on condition (that) the
strike is called off at once.
g.
Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss?
h.
Unless it rains, we’ll go to the beach tomorrow.
i.
In case a robbery occurs in the
hotel, the management must be notified at once.
j.
As long as someone was willing to
treat her, she would go to the movies.
k.
Whether she is at home or whether she visits others, she always has her knitting with her.
3.
AVC of Manner
§ Position :
Initial, Middle, Final
§ Conjunction :
- As (seperti)
- As if / As though (seakan-akan/seolah-olah)
§ Kinds :
a)
Real Condition (Indicative)
- Nyata / benar-benar terjadi
- Fact : -
- Conj : As, As if/As
though.
E.g.
a.
She always does as her husband tells her.
b.
He looks as if he needs sleep.
c.
He walked around as
though he was in a daze.
b)
Unreal Condition (Subjunctive “timeless”)
- Pengandaian / bertentangan dg fakta
- Memiliki fakta
- Conj : As if / As
though
E.g.
a.
He looks as if he needed sleep.(has always looked)
b.
They all treat him as
though he were a king.
§ Peringkasan :
E.g.
4.
AVC of Reason
§ Position :
Initial, Middle, Final
§ Conjunction : (karena)
- As -
Since
- As/So long as -
Whereas
- Inasmuch as - Now (that)
- Because - on the ground(s) that
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
As he was in hurry, he hailed the nearest cab.
b.
As long as it’s raining, I won’t go out toninght.
c.
Inasmuch as every effort is beig made
to improve the financal condition of this company,
the term of the loan will be extended.
d.
They had to move because their building was to be torn down.
e.
Since he couldn’t take his wife
with him, he decided not to go to the conference.
f.
Whereas a number of the conditions
in the contract have not been met, our company as
decided to caancl the contract.
g.
Now (that) he’s inherited his
father’s money, h doesn’t have to work any more.
h.
His application for the job was
rejected on the ground that he had
falsified some of the informatio.
5.
AVC of Place
§ Position :
Initial, Final
§ Conjunction : - where - where . . . there . . .
- wherever
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
They have always lived where they were born.
b.
Put the flower where it can be seen.
c.
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats.
d.
He will work wherever he is sent by his company.
e.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
f.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest
6.
AVC of Purpose
§ Position :
Initial, Final
§ Conjunction :
a.
Positive Purpose (agar/supaya)
- So (that)
- (In order) that
- In the hope that
- To the end that
- 
For the purpose that
For the purpose that
b.
Negative Purpose (agar/supaya
…… tidak ……)
- Lest
- For fear that
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
The flowers will be delivered
as late in the evening as possible so (that) they will be fresh for the party.
b. He decided to take a trip around the world (in order) that he might learn about different people and
their customs.
c.
They are working night and day in
the hope that they can finish the
building at the scheduled time.
d.
To the end that justice may be served, the defendant will be offered every opportunity to establish his
innocence.
7.
AVC of Time
§ Position :
Initial, Final
§ Conjunction : - After - (ever) since
- Before - every time
- When(ever) -
until / till
- While - as soon as
- Once - as/so long as
§
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
After she finished dinner, she went right to bed.
b.
Shut all the windows before you go out!
c.
When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
d.
You may begin whenever you are ready.
e.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
f.
Once she makes up her mind, she never changes it.
g.
I have known her ever
since I was child.
h.
We stayed there until we finished our work.
i.
I’ll go to the post office as
soon as I wrap this package.
j.
I’ll never speak to him again as
long as I live.
8.
AVC of Contrast
§ Kinds :
a)
Adversative Contrast / Direct
Contrast
Position : Initial, Final
Conjuction : - When -
While
- Whereas
E.g.
a.
While Robert is friendly with
everyone, his brother makes very few friends
b.
Soccer is a popular spetator
sport in England, whereas in Unted
states it is football that attracts
large audiences.
c.
He claims to be a member of the
royal family when in fact his family
were immigrants.
b)
Concessive Contrast (unexpected)
Position : Initial, Final
Conjuction : - though -
conceded that - albeit (that)
- although - admitted that
- even though - granting/granted (that)
E.g.
a.
Though he had always preferred
blondes, he married a brunette.
b.
We couldn’t meet the deadline, although
we worked day and night.
c.
Even though she dislikes the movies, she went with her husband to please him.
d.
Albeit (that) he was sorely wounded, he remained cheerful in spirit.
e.
Conceded that his testmony is
unimpeachable, still it might be merely
circumstantial evidence.
f.
Granted (that) he has always provided for
his children, still he has never given them any
real affection.
g.
Admitted that what you say is true, still there is much to be said for the other side.
9.
AVC of Result
§ Position : Final
§ Conjunction : sehingga
- so (that) - so adj/adv that
- so much so that - such (a) noun
that
- with the result that - so many/much/few/little
noun that
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
They spent their vacation at
the seashore, so (that) they were quite
tan when they came home.
b.
He hates his work, so
much so that he is thinking of resigning.
c.
He made some very bad
investment in the stock market, with the result that he lost his entire
fortune.
d.
The little boy looks so
unhappy that we all feel sorry
for him.
e.
The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation.
f.
It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road.
g.
She has such exceptional
abilities that everyone is jealous
of her.
h.
This is such difficult
homework that I will never finish
it.
i.
She made so many mistakes that
she failed the exam.
j.
She has so much money that she can buy whatever she wants.
k.
He has so few friends that
he is always lonely.
l.
The grass received so little
water that it turned brown in
the heat.
10.
That Clause
§ Position : Final
(after certain adjectives)
§ Conjunction : That
(karena)
§ Peringkasan
E.g.
a.
I am happy that I live in this
country.
b.
She is glad that her brother
came.
EXERCISE
Choose the correct answer!
1.
Small sailboats can easily
capsize…… they are not handled carefully.
a.
but
b.
which
c.
if
d.
so
2.
…….they are tropical birds,
parrots can live in temperate or even cold climates.
a.
despite
b.even though
c.
nevertheless
d.
but
|
3.
……added to liquid, antifreeze
lowers the freezing temperature of that liquid.
a.
that
b.as is
c.
it is
d.
when
4.……advertising is so widespread in the United States; it has had
enormous effect on American life.
a. why
b.the reason
c. on account of
d.
since
|
5. …toward shore, its shape is changed by it collision with the
shallow sea button.
a. during a
wave rolls
b. as a wave
rolls
c. a wave
rolls
d. a wave’s
rolling
6. …are increasingly linked over long distances by electronic
communication but many of them still prefer face-to-face encounters.
a. although
the people
b. despite
people
c. today
people
d. the fact that
people
7. …together in one place, they form a community.
a. when people who live
b. when people living
c. whenever people live
d. whenever living people
8. …pieces
of rope are of different thickness, the weaver’s knot can be used to join
them.
a. two of
b. what two
c. two such
d. if two
|
9. …managed by an independent governor and board of
director, the bank of Canada
is owned by the Canadian government.
a. and yet
b. in spite of it
c. although
d. it is
10. .……, the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plant are poisonous.
a. until they have been cooked
b. cooking them
c. they have been cooked
d. cooked until
11. Natural silk is still highly prized……similar
artificial fabrics.
a. although is available
b. despite there are available
c. in spite of the availability of
d. even though an availability of
12. Cattle ranches are
found almost…..in Utah.
a. wherever
b. everywhere
c. overall
d. somewhere
13. ……though a prism a beam
of white light breaks into all the color of the rainbow.
a. when shines
b. it shines
c. it is shone
d. when shone
|
14. ……most people think of frizzing as relatively modern method of
food preservation, it is actually one of the oldest.
a. even
b. as though
c. however
d. although
|
15. ……the large bodies of water never freeze solid is that the
sheet of ice on surface protects the water below it from the cold air.
a. because
b. why do
c. the reason
that
d. for the
reason
|
Gerund, To Infinitive, and Participle.
1. Gerund
and to infinitive
Complete these sentences with the
correct form, Gerund or infinitive, of the words in parentheses
1.
Hassan volunteered (bring) …….…….some food to
the reception
2.
The student practiced (pronounce) …….…….the
“th” sound in the Phrase.
3.
The horse struggled (pull) …….…….the wagon out
of the mud.
4.
Anita demanded (know) …….…….why she had been
fired.
5.
My skin cannot tolerate (be) …….…….in the sun
all day.
6.
I avoided (tell) …….…….Mary the truth because
I knew she would be angry
7.
Fred Washington Claims (be) …………..a descendent
of George Washington
8.
I urged Omar (return) …….…….to school and
(finish) …….…….his education
9.
I appreciate your (take) …….…….the time to
help me
10.
I cannot afford (buy) …………..a new car.
Complete these sentences with the
correct form, Gerund or infinitive, of the words in parentheses
1.
I always remember (turn)_________of all the lights before I leave my
house.
2.
I can remember (be)__________very proud and happy when I graduated.
3.
Did you remember (give)__________Jake my message?
4.
I remember (play)__________with dolls when I was a child.
5.
What did you forget (do)___________before you left for class this
morning?
6.
I forgot (take)___________a book back to the library, so I had to pay
for a fine.
7.
I’m getting tired; I need (take)___________a break.
8.
Sometimes students avoid (look)____________ at the teacher if they don’t
want (answer)___________a questions.
9.
Don’t forget (do)_____________ your homework tonight.
10. I regret
(inform)____________ you that your loan application has not been approved.
11. I regret (listen,
not)____________to my father’s advice. He was right.
12. When a student asks a
question, the teacher always tries (explain)__________ the problem as clearly
as possible.
13. I tried everything, but the baby still
wouldn’t stop (cry)__________. I tried (hold)___________him, I tried
(feed)____________him, I tried (burp)_________him, I tried
(change)____________diapers, nothing working.
14. Could you please stop
(whistle)____________? I trying (concentrate)______________on my work.
15. When Beth was tired, he
stop (work)____________.
16. I regret
(tell)______________to you that you failed in the examination.
17. I regret
(lend)______________my money to him, because he never gives it back.
18. He is telling funny
story, so we can’t stop (laugh)____________.
19. He wants (like)__________and
(trust)___________by everyone.
20. The baby’s diaper needs
(change)___________. It’s wet.
Translate into English!
1. Menyelesaikan pekejaan ini membuatku lega
2. Menunggu Dewi disini sangatlah membosankan
3. Indah bisa memainkan gitar tua itu membuat orang
tua nya bangga
4. Apakah
memasak, mencuci baju dan memandikan bayi itu merupakan pekerjan Mbo Surti
5. Berada disampingmu setiap waktu adalah sesuatu yang
ku tunggu
6. Apakah beryanyi dikamar mandi itu hobbi mu?
7. Bersabar membuat kita lebih tenang
8. Mengantar
dan menjemput adiknya dari sekolah merupakan aktivitas Dina sehari-hari.
2. Participle
Choose the correct answer in parentheses
- Don’t bother to read that book. It is (boring, bored)
- The students are (interesting, interested) in learning more about the subject.
- She does not complain things well. The students are (confusing, confused)
- Have you heard the latest news? It’s really (exciting, excited)
- I do not understand these directions. I’m (confusing, confused)
- I read an (interesting, interested) article in newspaper this morning
- I heard some (surprising, surprised) news on the radio
- I’m (bored, boring). Let’s do something. How about going to the movie?
- Mr. Ball fascinates me. I think he is a (fascinating, fascinated) person.
- most young children are (fascinating, fascinated) by animals
- young children think that animals are (fascinating, fascinated)
- I was very (embarrassing, embarrassed) yesterday when I spilled my drink on the dinner table.
- That was an (embarrassing, embarrassed) experience.
Translate into English!
1.
Olga sedang berdiri dipojok
menunggu mobil datang
2.
kita menghabiskan uang kita
menonton Film dibioskop kemaren.
3.
Omar menghabiskan sepanjang
hari bekerja untuk mendapatkan libur besok
4.
Rido duduk dikelas melamunkan
pacarnya.
5.
saya khawatir apa yang
dilakukan anak-anak ketika saya pergi. Ketika saya pulang saya menemukan mereka
sedang menonontok TV kemaren.
6.
saya suka mendengarkan burung
berkicau ketika saya bangun pagi-pagi
7.
Doni sedang bekerja di kebun,
jadi dia tidak bisa mendengarkan Hp nya berdering
Correct this
illogical participle modifier by rewording thee main clause and add a subject!
- Before singing the school song, a poem was recited.
- Plunging into the water, the drowning child was rescued.
- After painting a car, it was given to the man’s wife by the man.
- After winning the tennis match, the victory made Nancy jump for joy.
- Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, it was hidden in the closet.
Example: While he was walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart
attack.
Walking in the park, he suddenly
had a heart attack.
- Because they found no one at home, they left note saying they had called.
- While he was backing out of his garage, he hit a dog.
- Because he played tennis every day, he soon becomes an expert player.
- As he knew her boy’s house, she came there.
- Because he is an artist, he must be famous.
Identifying the V-ing, Gerund, Participle, or Verbal noun!
1.
The laughing students
kept silent as soon as he saw the teacher coming to them.
2.
They are still preparing
the meeting hall. For the committee’s meeting. In the meeting
tonight, my uncle will be meeting the king.
3.
Everyone here heard screaming
from another room of the frightening house. The running people
panicked.
4.
Thanks for your coming
and we will always wait your coming here with your girl next.
5.
Dancing, her favorite hobby, has carried her to be well – known, we named
her our dancing girl, her dance is very charming.
6.
The man caught the stealing
boy stealing some books in the reading room. Having seen
the man, he ran away.
7.
The businessman has got killing,
for he thinks in a good way.
8.
Living in a big city, they should work hard and compete with others.
9.
Living in a big city needs a lot of money.
10.
Having some knowledge of English they can easily get jobs.
11.
Having some knowledge of English can assist us in the development of
modern technology.
12.
Being a teacher is my personal wish.
13.
Being a good teacher, everyone loves her.
14.
Being sick he was absent yesterday.
15.
Learning foreign language needs interest, patience and practice.
16.
Being only a boy of fourteen. I was one of those luchy women and children
who, according to custom, were allowed to get away first from the sinking
ship.
17.
Departing the house early has been the way for me to avoid traffic jams.
Daftar
Pustaka
- Azar, Betty Schrampfer; Understanding And Using English Grammar, Third Edition, Longman, 1999.
- Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
- Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia Inggris, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta
- Frank, Marcella; Modern English, Prentice Hall. Inc; New York, 1972.
- Swan, Michael; Practical English Usage, New Edition, Oxford University Press, 1996.
- Thompson, A.J and Martinet, A, V; A Practical English Grammar, Forth Edition, Oxford University Press, 1968.
- _______________, Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1991.
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