PART OF SPEECH-ADVERB

ADVERB

(kata keterangan)

A.    Definition

“Kata yang menjelaskan selain Noun, yaitu (Adjective, Verb, Adverb dan Sentence)”

B.     Kinds

A) Berdasarkan Makna

1)   Adverb of Manner (cara)

“Adverb yang menyatakan cara melakukan aktifitas.  Memiliki makna ‘dengan ....”

Adj + ly

Adjective	Adv. of Manner
- Quick - Slow - Soft - Beautiful	- Quickly - Slowly - Softly - Beautifully

Exception

Adjective	Adv. of Manner
- Good - Hard - Fast - Late - Early	- Well - Hard* - Fast - Late* - Early		Note: * Hardly : hampir tidak (adv. of frequency) * Lately : akhir2 ini (adv. of time)

E.g.
the students studied hard for an examination.

2)   Adverb of Place (tempat)

“Adverb yang menunjukkan tempat terjadinya suatu peristiwa”.

a.       Single word                             : here, there, outside, inside, etc.

b.      Complex word (Prep+object)  : in Pare, on the table, etc.

E.g.
the accident happened in front of hospital last week.

3)   Adverb of Time (waktu)

“Adverb yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa”.

a.       Definite time (jelas)

E.g. today, tomorrow, yesterday, Sunday etc.

b.      Indefinite time (tidak jelas)

E.g. already, soon, just, recently, lately etc.

E.g.
the plane leaves the airport at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.

4)   Adverb of Frequency (keseringan)

“Adverb yang menyatakan tingkat keseringan”.

Kinds: always, usually, often, sometimes, ever, seldom, rarely, hardly, never etc.

E.g.
I usually meet Jane at weekly meeting.

5)   Adverb of Intensifying (penekanan)

“Adverb yang menyatakan penekanan”.

a.       Adverb of Degree (Tingkatan)

Adverb ini menjelaskan adjective dan adverb.

Kinds: Very, so, too, rather, enough, extremely, quite etc.

E.g. the weather was extremely hot

b.      Adverb of Distinguishing (Penegasan)

Selain menjelaskan AVAS, Adverb of Distinguishing juga bisa menjelaskan noun, pronoun, conjunction dan prep. phrase.

Kinds:  just, only, not, exactly, especially etc.

E.g. Only few people were coming to the party last night.

B)  Berdasarkan Fungsi

1)      Sentence Adverb

Def: Adverb yang menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat.

Kinds: finally, fortunately, actually, maybe etc.

E.g. after looking for his daughter for several years, that man finally found her.

2)      Explanatory Adverb

Def: Adverb yang menyatakan penjelasan berupa contoh.

Kinds: (such) as, namely, for example, for instance etc.

E.g. my aunt bought some furniture such as a table, a desk, a cupboard, etc

3)      Conjunctive Adverb

Def: Adverb yang berfungsi sebagai conjunction, menghubungkan antar clause.

·     Besides (disamping itu), furthermore (lagi pula), moreover (apalagi), likewise (demikian juga)

·     Accordingly (karena itu), consequently (alhasil), thus (dengan demikian), therefore (oleh sebab itu), hence (karenanya)

·     Nevertheless (meskipun demikian), nonetheless (meskipun begitu), however (bagaimanapun)

·     Otherwise (jika tidak)

·     Then (Kemudian)

E.g.

Justin doesn’t feel well today. Nevertheless, he keeps working hard all day. 

4)      Interrogative Adverb

Def: Adverb yang berupa kata tanya yang berfungsi untuk menanyakan adverb dari pernyataan.

Kind: Where, when, how, why

E.g.

Martha works at the hospital.

Where does Martha work?

5)      Relative Adverb

Def: Adverb yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam membentuk adjective clause yang headnya berupa place, time, manner dan reason.

Kind: Where, when, how, why

E.g.

Martha works at the hospital. I met Boby yesterday where Martha works.

6)      Exclamatory Adverb

Def: Adverb yang menunjukkan makna kekaguman.

        Form : How + Adj/Adv + S + V !

E.g.

Ø  How big the house it is!

Ø  How fast he runs!