Degree of Comparison

Chapter III

Degree of Comparison

Def: tingkat perbandingan yang digunakan untuk membandingkan 2 hal/lebih.

Kinds:

1.      Positive Degree of Comparison

2.      Comparative Degree of Comparison (-er/more-)

3.      Superlative Degree of Comparison (-est/most-)

Aturan-aturan Perubahan:

1.      Penambahan -er/-est

1. 1 syllable words

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Cheap	Cheaper	cheapest
Short	Shorter	shortest
Hard	Harder	hardest             etc.

2. 2 syllable words (berakhiran –y, -e)

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Silly	Sillier	Silliest
simple	Simpler	simplest           etc.

2.      Penambahan More-/Most-

a.       Adverb of manner –ly

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
slowly	More slowly	Most slowly
Simply	More Simply	Most Simply
freely	More freely	Most freely

b.      2 syllable words yang berakhiran -ing, -ed, -ful, -ous, -less, -ish, -nt, -st, -ct.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Boring	More Boring	Most Boring
Tired	More Tired	Most Tired
Useful	More Useful	Most Useful
Famous	More Famous	Most Famous
Hopeless	More Hopeless	Most Hopeless
Childish	More Childish	Most Childish
Patient	More Patient	Most Patient
Honest	More Honest	Most Honest
perfect	More perfect	Most perfect

c.       3/more syllable words

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Beautiful	More Beautiful	Most Beautiful
Comfortable	More Comfortable	Most Comfortable
Generous	More Generous	Most Generous

3.      Penambahan -er/-est atau more-/most-

1. 2 syllable words yang berakhiran -some, -er, -ow

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Handsome	Handsomer More handsome	Handsomest Most handsome
Clever	Cleverer More clever	Clever Most clever
Shallow	Shallower More shallow	Shallow Most shallow

4.       Irregular Degree of Comparison

E.g

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Good, well	Better	Best
Bad, ill, evil	Worse	Worst
Many, much	More	Most
Little	Less	Least
Late	Later Latter	Latest Last
Old	Older Elder	Oldest Eldest
Far	Farther Further	Farthest furthest

A.    Positive Degree of Comparison

Def: untuk membandingkan 2 hal yang setara (equal comparison)

Kinds:

1. Pola Conjunction

»        as (adj/adv) as      ===> +/-

»        so (adj/adv) as      ===> -

»        the same (N) as    ===> +/-

»        the same as           ===> +/- (prolog)

E.g.

1. He runs as fast as I run

2. He does not run so fast as I run

3. He runs the same speed as I run

4. I run fast. He runs the same as I run

                 (prolog)

2. Pola Preposition

a.       Free preposition

»        Like     + Obj. of preposition

»        Unlike  + Obj. of preposition

b.      Bound preposition

»        Similar to         + Obj. of preposition

»        Different from+ Obj. of preposition

E.g.

1. He studies hard. I study like him

2. Harry is smart. Fred is different from Harry

3. Pola Adjective

ü  Didahului prologue

ü  Tidak berungsi sebagai attributive

ü  berposisi sebagai Subjective Complement

ü  Adjective : Alike, Unlike

E.g.

1. He is smart. He and I are alike.

4. Pola Variasi

»        Digunakan untuk menghindari Illogical Comparison

»        That/those of

E.g.

The teacher’s salary is as much as that of policeman’s

B.     Comparative Degree of Comparison

Def: Digunakan untuk membandingkan 2 hal yang tidak setara

Kinds:

1.      Pola Conjunction

Makna: lebih …… dari ……

Form:

S + V + Comparative Degree + S + V

E.g.

Jane is more interesting than her sister is.

2.      Pola Double Comparative

a.       General Double Comparative

·         Makna: semakin …… semakin ……

·         Form:

                                                                 ·            The Comp. S + V, The Comp. S + V

                                                                 ·            The Comp, The Comp (Didahului prolog)

E.g.

1. The bigger a house is, the more expensive it is

2. When do we must go? The sooner, the later

b.      Gradual Double Comparative

·         Makna: semakin lama semakin ……

·         Form: Comp and Comp

NOTE:

ð  Tanpa article “the”

ð  Terdiri dari satu kalimat

ð  Adjective/Adverb selalu sama

ð  Bisa menggunakan Noun Phrase

E.g.

a. She looks more and more beautiful.

b. They read more and more books.

3.      Pola Variasi (Variasi of Multiplier)

·         Makna      : Comparative

·         Pola          : Positive

E.g

Ron is twice as smart as his brother is

C.     Superlative Degree of Comparison

Def: Untuk membandingkan lebih dari 2 hal dengan tingkatan paling.

Makna: paling ……/ter …..

Form:

The Superlative + in/of/among + Plural/Collective Noun

E.g.

John is the youngest (boy) in his family

Pola Variasi

·         Makna: Superlative

·         Pola: Comparative

·         Perbandingan: 2 hal

·         Form:

The Comp + between/of + Noun (2 units)

E.g

Jenny is the prettier between those 2 girls.

            Degree of Comparison

Write the correct answers!

No	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
1.	Cheerful
2.	Closely
3.	Coldly
4.	Comfortable
5.	Critical
6.	Delicious
7.	Dim
8.	Easy
9.	Fair
10.	Far
11.	Fast
12.	Fine
13.	Friendly
14.	Funny
15.	Glad
16.	Hard
17.	Heavy
18.	Honest
19.	Hot
20.	Ill
21.	Interesting
22.	Jolly
23.	Lazily
24.	Little
25.	Many

Degree of Comparison

Compare these characters below!

Bob 28 years old 55 kilos 1.5 meters

Homer 39 years old 80 kilos 1.55 meters

Alice 15 years old 35 kilos 1.20 meters

1.      Bob is ………………………………… than Homer. (young/old)

2.      Homer is………………………………… than Alice. (young/old)

3.      Alice is …………………………………… than Bob. (slim/fat)

4.      Bob is………………………………… than Homer. (short/tall)

5.      Homer is…………………………………… than Bob. (slim/fat)

6.      Alice is ……………………………… than Homer. (short/tall)

7.      Homer is………………………………… than Alice. (beautiful/ugly)

8.      Homer is ………………………………… than Bob. (fat/slow)

9.      Bob is ………………………………… than Homer. (tidy/jerk)

10.  Alice is……………………………… than Bob. (beautiful/ugly)

11.  Alice has got………………………… hair than Bob. (long/short)

12.  Homer can play the guitar ……………………… than Alice. (bad/good)

13.  Alice can run…………………………… than Homer. (fast/slow)

14.  Alice draws ……………………………… than Bob. (bad/good)

15.  Bob is …………………………… than Homer. (stupid/intelligent)

Degree of Comparison

Write the correct words in the brackets!

1.        My father is as ………………………… as his fatherMy father is as strong as his father.

. (strong)

2.        She is ………………………… than her She is prettier than her sister.

· mother. (pretty)

3.        You are not as ………………………… as your brother. (tall)

You are not as tall as your brother.

4.        That pond is ………………………… in this area. (shallow)

That pond is the shallowest in this area.

5.        That has to be …………………………  film I have seen. (interesting)

That has to be the most interesting film I have seen.

6.        Which university offers ………………………… degree courses? (good) 

Which university offers the best degree courses?

7.        This clown is not as ………………………… as the other one. (funny)

This clown is not as funny as the other one.

8.        He is easily ………………………… player in the team. (bad)

He is easily the worst player in the team.

9.        The second half of the play was ………………………… interesting. (little)

The second half of the play was less interesting.

10.    What is ………………………… distance you have ever run? (far)

Degree of Comparison

Write the correct words in the brackets!

1.             It was ………………………… driving I have ever seen. (good)

2.             Peter sang ………………………… than all the others. (loud)

3.             The holiday wasn't ………………………… the one we had last year. (expensive)

4.             She's a good student. She works ………………………… than the others. (carefully)

5.             Would you play ………………………… please? I'm trying to sleep. (quietly)

6.             My mother wakes up ………………………… than me. (early).

7.             I tried ………………………… than last time, but still I didn’t manage to pass the exam. (hard).

8.             They are all good singers, but Aliki can sing the ……………… (well)

9.             We all swam very far, but Manuel swam the ……………………  (far)

10.         I can jump ………………………… than you. (high)

Exercise:

Pick out the correct answer!

1.        If he comes back ………… than 9 o’clock, his mother will begin to worry.

a.     later                             c. as late

b.    latest                            d. the latest

2.        Andrew is 14 years old. Is he ………… than you?

a.     elder                            c. eldest

b.    older                            d. the older

3.        The show was ………… as he had said it was.

a.     interesting                   c. as interesting

b.    more interesting          d. the most interesting

4.        The machine works ………… after you have oiled it.

a.    smoother                      c. more smoothly

b.    as smooth                    d. as smoothly

5.        William Shakespeare is one of the ………… writers of all times.

a.    great                             c. greater

b.   greatest                         d. most great

6.        The river here is not ………… as it used to be.

a.    so shallow                   c. shallower

b.   more shallow               d. shallowest

7.        My father’s healthy is getting. …………

a.    bad and good                          c. good and better

b.   better and better                      d. well and well

8.        Of the two boys, the ………… one is ………… than the …………

a.    younger-intelligent-older

b.   youngest-most intelligent-oldest

c.    young-intelligent-old

d.   younger-more intelligent-older.

9.        The …………  we climb the mountain, the …………  we feel.

a.    more high-more tired              c. higher-more tired

b.   highest- tiredest                      d. most highest- most tired

10.    She took ………… than her share so that her brother could have more.

a.    little                                         c. much

b.   well                                         d. less

II.    Determine True or False and underline the error!

1.   We don’t drive as frequent as before.                                                   [   ]

2.   Jason is a good driver, but he doesn’t drive as safely than his sister.    [   ]

3.   The food is more better, and the atmosphere is nicer too.                     [   ]

4.   My neighborhood is getting the more and more dangerous.                 [   ]

5.   The day my son was born was the happy day of my life.                     [   ]

6.   Who practices the harder of all your team members?                            [   ]

III.       Translate into English!

1.   Kulitku tidak seputih kulitmu tapi kulitku lebih halus dari pada kulitmu.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.   Semakin lama aku tidak bertemu denganmu semakin dalam aku merindumu.  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.   Cita-citaku setinggi burung yang terbang diangkasa. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.   Manusia adalah ciptaan Allah yang paling sempurna didunia ini. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.   Masalah-masalah di indonesia semakin dam semakin komplex. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

 

Laura Green Age: 20 Height: 1.65 cm Weight: 54 kg Salary: 1000 $

Hanna Jones Age: 21 Height: 1.67 cm Weight: 50 kg Salary: 1200 $

Rachel Tyler Age: 25 Height: 1.70 cm Weight: 55 kg Salary: 2000 $

Greta Simon Age: 30 Height: 1.68 cm Weight: 55 kg Salary: 2000 $

1.      Laura's hair is ………… Hanna's, but Rachel's hair is ………….

2.      Hanna is ………… Greta, but Laura is ………… of the girls.

3.      Rachel earns ………… Greta.

4.      Greta is ………… Laura, but Rachel is …………of the girls.

5.      Laura is ………… Greta, buy Hanna is ………….

6.      Rachel's eyes are ………… Greta's, but Hanna's eyes are ………….

7.      Greta looks ………… Laura, but Hanna seems to be ………….

8.      Greta's clothes are ………… Hanna's clothes, but Rachel's clothes are ………….

9.      Greta is ………… Hanna, but Laura is ………… of the girls.

10.  Hanna's salary is ………… Rachel's, but Laura's salary is ………….

11.  Laura's salary is ………… Hanna's.

12.  Laura's salary is ………….

13.  Laura is ………… Hanna, but Rachel is ………… of the girls.

14.  Rachel is ………… Hanna, but she is ………… Greta.

15.  Hanna is ………… Laura, but Rachel is ………….

Now, choose the correct answer:

1.      I think Hanna is .................. Laura. a)      a best student b)      a better student than c)      best student 2.      I think that Greta ........................ Rachel. a)      isn't as attractive as b)      is most attractive as c)      is the most attractive 3.      In my opinion, Laura is ................ of the girls. a)      the most clever b)      the cleverest c)      more clever than

4.      As I see it, Greta's job must be ................. a)      the more difficult b)      as difficult as c)      the most difficult 5.      I think Hanna must be .................. .the rest of the girls. a)      funnier than b)      the funniest c)      more funny

Choose the right positive, comparative, or superlative forms to complete these paragraphs! Number one has been done for you.

Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown differ from each other in some ways. Mr. Smith is ⁽¹⁾ older and  ⁽²⁾ ……………………  than Mr. Brown. He is ⁽³⁾ …………………… and he gets things done ⁽⁴⁾ …………………… than Mr. Brown does. On the other hand, Mr. Brown is less busy than Mr. Smith because he only keeps house and run a small business at home. Mr. Brown is much ⁽⁵⁾ …………………… in music. Mr. Smith has children ⁽⁶⁾ ………… as Mr. Brown does. Each has two. Mr. Smith’s children are Simon and Patricia. Simon is a vocational school student and Patricia is a Junior High School student. Simon is probably the ⁽⁷⁾ …………………… student in his class, but Patricia is not. Simon’s hobbies are ⁽⁸⁾ …………………… as Patricia’s but he gets  ⁽⁹⁾ …………………… grades than she does. Mr. Brown’s children are Jane and Toni. Jane is (¹⁰⁾ ……………………as Simon but Toni is ⁽¹¹⁾ ……………………than Patricia.

1.      old 2.      tall 3.      diligent 4.      quickly

5.      interested 6.      many 7.      good 8.      same

9.      good 10.  intelligent 11.  lazy

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH

1.      George telah mengetahui bahwa dia tidak secerdas  kakaknya sehingga  dia harus belajar giat setiap hari.

2.      Pamanku berkata  kemarin bahwa cuaca di Semarang sepanas di Surabaya

3.      Dua hari yang lalu  adik ku bertanya  padaku apakah belajar bahasa Inggris  se sulit belajar bahasa Arab dan saya berkata ya.

4.      John adalah teman terbaikku, dia setampan  Grint Rupert akan tetapi dia belum terkenal saperti Rano Karno

5.      Adikku secantik ibuku akan tetapi  adikku tidak setinggi dia

6.      Pamanku bertanya padaku apakah  Pare se dingin  Bandung dan saya berkata tidak

7.      Baik  rumahnya Tom maupun rumahnya Jason sebagus rumahnya para menteri

8.      Saya tidak tahu apakah diriku sebaik dirimu akan tetapi saya yakin bahwa aku se tampan penyayi terkenal itu.

9.      Richard munkin tidak tahu  kemarin bahwa  nilai akhir bahasa Inggrisnya tidak sebagus sebelumnya .

10.  Semoga  para siswa Peace periode ini serajin senior – senior mereka.

ANSWER

1)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9)      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10)  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Daftar Pustaka

1. Azar, Betty Schrampfer; Understanding And Using English Grammar, Third Edition, Longman, 1999.
2. Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
3. Echols, John M. and Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia Inggris, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta
4. Frank, Marcella; Modern English, Prentice Hall. Inc; New York, 1972.
5. Swan, Michael; Practical English Usage, New Edition, Oxford University Press, 1996.
6. Thompson, A.J and Martinet, A, V; A Practical English Grammar, Forth Edition, Oxford University Press, 1968.
7. _______________, Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1991.