PART OF SPEECH-VERB



VERB
(Kata Kerja)

A.    Definition
Kata yang menunjukkan aktivitas (Dynamic verb) dan keadaan/kondisi (Stative verb).
Dynamic verbs     : Eat, sleep, run, take a bath etc.
Stative verbs        : Know, understand, have etc.


B.     Kinds
1)      Berdasarkan Posisi
1.    Ordinary (Kata kerja utama)
ð Kata kerja yang harus ada dalam suatu clause, dan hanya ada satu.
2.    Auxiliary (Kata kerja bantu)
ð Kata kerja yang tidak harus ada dalam suatu clause, dan boleh berjumlah lebih dari satu.
Kinds:
a.    Primary
Kata kerja yang bantu yang membantu membentuk karakter tenses.
Kinds:
ð Be             : is/am/are, was/were, been, being
ð Do            : does, did
ð Have         : has, had
b.   Modal
Kata kerja bantu yang menambahkan makna pada kata kerja ordinary.
Kinds:
ð will/would, shall/should, can/could, may/might, had better, ought to, must.
c.    Emphasize
Kata kerja Bantu yang memberi makna penegasan.
Kinds:
ð Do, does, did (sungguh-sungguh/benar-benar)
NOTE:
Hanya bisa digunakan dalam kalimat verbal positive simple present dan simple past.
E.g
I do love my sister (aku benar benar menyayangi saudaraku)



2)      Berdasarkan Bentuk
a.    Bare Infinitive (V1)            : study             give                 be
b.    To Infinitive (to V1)           : to study         to give             to be
c.    Additional Inf. (Vs/es)         : studies           gives                is/am/are
d.   Past tense (V2)                   : studied          gave                 was/were
e.    Present Participle (Ving)    : studying        giving              being
f.     Past Participle (V3) : studied          given               been

3)      Berdasarkan Perubahan
a)      Regular (beraturan) –d/ed
V1
V2
V3
work
worked
worked
open
opened
opened
b)      Irregular (tidak beraturan)
V1
V2
V3
drink
drank
drunk
take
took
taken

4)      Berdasarkan Object
1)        Transitive [T]
Kata kerja yang membutuhkan object.
Kinds:
a)    Monotransitive
Kata kerja yang membutuhkan 1 object.
Form:
S + Vt + O
E.g. He visits me every week.

b)   Ditransitive
Kata kerja yang bisa membutuhkan 2 object.
a.       Direct Object (Object Langsung), object yang langsung dikenai verb. Biasany berupa non-person.
b.      Indirect Object (Object Tak Langsung), object sasaran yang menjadi tujuan dari Direct Object. Biasanya berupa person.
Form:
S + Vd + IO + DO
S + Vd + DO + to/for + IO
E.g.
Tom gave Susi a flower.
                  IO      DO       

Tom gave a flower to Susi
                    DO          IO

c)    Complex Transitive
Kata kerja yang membutuhkan Object + Complement. Karena menjelaskan object, maka complement ini disebut Objective Complement (adj, noun, to inf, bare inf, and past part).
Form:
S + Vc + O + Objective Complement

E.g. I will make you happy.
                              O      OC

2)        Intransitive [I]
Kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan object.
Kinds:
a)      Complete Predicative (Bermakna Lengkap)
Intransitive verb yang telah bermakna sempurna, meskipun tanpa complement.
Form:
S + Vi + (Adv.)
E.g. he runs very fast.


b)      Incomplete Predicative (Bermakna Tidak Lengkap)
Intransitive verb yang belum bermakna sempurna jika tidak ada complement. Karena menjelaskan subject, maka complement ini disebut Subjective Complement (adjective, noun, adverb)
Incomplete Predicative Verb disebut juga Linking Verb, yaitu verb yang menghubungkan antara subject dan subjective complement.
Form:
   S + Lv + Subjective Complement
E.g. You look so sad.

3)        Intra-Transitive Verb [I,T]
Kata kerja yang bisa menjadi Transitive atau Intransitive sesuai konteks.
E.g.
He is studying in my room now.
He is studying English in Pare.

5)      Berdasarkan Fungsi
a)      Finite Verb
Verb yang berfungsi sebagai verb.
E.g. my mother is cooking roasted chicken.

b)      Infinite Verb
Verb yang berfungsi sebagai non-verb.
E.g. cooking is her hobby.



Underline the correct answer!
1.      Marry and I (am/are/is) staying in the hotel.
2.      Are (you/I/she) learning Arabic at school?
3.      He (did/do/have) not wear my shoes.
4.      (shall/had/should) you gone to USA?
5.      (does/was/do) they run fast?
6.      (Bob/Sam and Jack/We) has bought me a candy.
7.      What (has/have/will) I done?
8.      The dogs (are/is/am/was) very funny.
9.      There (am/is/are/has) some books in the library.
10.  Where (am/is/are) the student going to go?

Complete the crossword with the Simple Past forms of the irregular verbs
ACROSS:
1) know
3) ring
4) wear
5) teach
7) send
10) lose
12) understand
13) put
14) buy

15) forget
16) draw
17) catch
19) drink
22) fly
23) eat
24) read
25) pay
DOWN:
2) write
4) win
5) think
6) give
7) sell
8) sleep
9) fight
11) speak

15) find
16) drive
18) swim
20) ride
21) keep
22) feed
24) run






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Subject-Verb Agreement

Fill in the blanks with ‘is' or ‘are'.
1.      The rose _____ a beautiful flower.The rose is a beautiful flower.
2.      His two sons _____ still small.His two sons are still small.
3.      My brother _____ doing his degree at that university.
4.      Dogs _____ the most faithful animals.
5.      There _____ a lot of ants on the tree.
6.      That chair _____ comfortable to sit on.
7.      The equator _____ an imaginary line round the earth.
8.      The natives of this island _____ a friendly people.
9.      We _____ waiting for the bus.We are waiting for the bus.
10.  _____ your mother sleeping now?
Is your mother sleeping now?
 
Fill in the blanks with ‘does' or ‘do'.
1.      _____ you know him?Do you know him?
2.      That _____ not mean I _____ not like her.That does not mean I do not like her.
3.      Please _____ not smoke here.Please do not smoke here.
4.      _____ anybody know the answer?Does anybody know the answer?
5.      They _____ not want to play.They do not want to play.
6.      It _____ not matter where you put it.
7.      He _____ the measuring and we _____ the cutting.
8.      Those sheep _____ not belong to that farmer.Those sheep do not belong to that farmer.
9.      My feet _____ not get tired easily.My feet do not get tired easily.
10.  Everyone here _____ not know about it.
11.  He _____ a law degree.He has a law degree.
12.  They _____ gone to the cinema.They have gone to the cinema.
13.  Only one of the students _____ failed the test.
14.  "_____ you ever done online banking?"
15.  "We _____ not done our homework yet."We have not done our homework yet."
16.  Each of you _____ to pay a dollar.
17.  There _____ been no complaint so far.
18.  Does he _____ a bicycle?
19.  What _____ she got to say about this?
What has she got to say about this?
 
Choose the correct word for each sentence.
1.      The earth _____ (go, goes) round the sun.
2.      He _____ (go, goes) to school by bus.
He goes to school by bus.
3.      I often _____ (go, goes) to the library.
I often go to the library.
4.      She wants to _____ (go, goes) to the library?
She wants to go to the library?
5.      She does not _____ (go, goes) to the library?
She does not go to the library?
6.      Oh, she does _____ (go, goes) to the library.
Oh, she does go to the library.
7.      He often _____ (go, goes) to the cinema.
He often goes to the cinema.
8.      Every one of us must _____ (go, goes) to school.
Every one of us must go to school.
9.      Every one of us usually _____ (go, goes) to school early.
Every one of us usually goes to school early.
10.  He too has to _____ (go, goes) to school.
He too has to go to school.
 
Choose the correct word for each sentence.
1.      She __________  (read, reads) every day.
She reads every day.
2.       I __________ (drink, drinks) milk every day.
I drink milk every day.
3.      __________ (like, likes) to swim.
We like to swim.
4.      My neighbours __________ (talk, talks) to us every day.
My neighbours talk to us every day.
5.      He __________ (speak, speaks) good English.
He speaks good English.
6.      They __________ (work, works) in that factory.
They work in that factory.
7.      One of us __________ (live, lives) near the hospital.
One of us lives near the hospital.
8.      Those deer in the zoo__________ (look, looks) hungry.
Those deer in the zoo look hungry.
9.      Every one of the postmen__________ (ride, rides) a bicycle.
Every one of the postmen rides a bicycle.
10.  The black dog can__________ (bark, barks) very loudly. The black dog can bark very loudly.







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