PART OF SPEECH-ADJECTIVE

ADJECTIVE

(kata sifat)

A.  Definition

      Kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan Noun dan Pronoun.

B.   Kinds

A)    Determinative (menentukan)

1)      Article (kata sandang)

the  : singular, plural, uncount.

a/an             : singular

2)      Demonstrative (kata tunjuk)

Funct. Meaning	Singular/Uncount	Plural
Ini	This	These
Itu	That	Those

Note:

Demostrative
Pronoun	Vs.	Adjective
Tidak diikuti noun E.g. These are some expensive bags		Diikuti noun E.g. I do not like this feeling

3)      Possessive (kepemilikan)

a)   Adjective                       : my, your, our, their, his, her, its.

b)   Genitive (‘s)       : boy’s, children’s, Adam’s, Yunus’s

NOTICE!

Aturan penambahan -‘s:

·       Singular noun berakhiran –s, bisa dtambah –‘/‘s.

E.g. Elis’/Elis’s, yunus’/yunus’s, Anis’/Anis’s etc.

·       Plural noun berakhiran –s, hanya ditambah –‘

E.g. Students’, boys’ etc.

4)      Indefinite Quantity (jumlah yang tidak jelas)

Makna Funct.	Banyak	Sedikit	Beberapa
Plural	Many	Few	Several, Some, Any
Uncount.	Much	Little	Some, Any

Note:

Some	Vs.	Any*
1. Positive       I have some money 2. Interrogative (yes-expected)       Do you have some pencils?		1. Negative    I don’t have any money 2. Interrogative    Do you have any problems?

* Selain keterangan di atas, any juga memiliki makna “sembarang”, yang bisa dibuat dalam kalimat positive, negative maupun interrogative.

E.g.

(+)  You can do anything you want. (segala sesuatu)

(-)  I don’t have any pencils to lend you (pensil apapun)

(?)  Do you have any water to drink? (air apapun/jenis apa saja)

5)      Numeral (bilangan)

a)     Ordinal (tingkatan)

E.g. first, second, third, fourth, fifth etc.

b)    Cardinal (jumlah)

E.g. one, two, three, four, five, six etc.

 

  

B)    Descriptive (menggambarkan)

1)      Quality/character (kualitas/sifat)

E.g. smart, kind, beautiful, expensive, good, bad etc.

2)      Size (ukuran)

E.g. Tall-short, long-short, high-low, fat-thin, thick-thin, big-small etc.

3)      Age (umur)

E.g. young-old (person), new-old (thing).

4)      Temperature (suhu)

E.g. hot, warm, cold.

5)      Participle (verb yang berfungsi sebagai adjective)

a)    Present Participle (V_ing/sifat)

E.g. boring, tiring, interesting, annoying etc.

b)   Past Participle (V₃/keadaan)

E.g. bored, tired, interested, annoyed etc.

6)      Shape (bentuk)

E.g. circle, round, triangle, square, pentagon, cube, pyramid, prism, tube etc.

7)      Color (warna)

E.g. black, white, red, blue, green, yellow, pink, gray, brown, violet, purple etc.

C.  Functions

1.      Attributive

“Adjective yang menjelaskan noun dalam susunan phrase”.

Ø  Head        : inti (noun)

Ø  Modifier   : penjelas (adjective)

Form:

Modifier + Head

E.g.

·         Sebuah sepeda tua yang mahal.

              A₁         H         B₃        B₁                  

Ø  An expensive old cycle.

          A₁        B₁           B₃     H

2.      Predicative

“Adjective yang menjelaskan noun dalam susunan kalimat”

a.       Subjective Complement

E.g. The girl is interesting.

            S/n     V    S.C/adj

b.      Objective Complement

E.g. Liona makes Andrew impressed.

         S/n        V         O/n            O.C/adj

           

I.             Translate into English!

1.      Dua mobil mewah.

……………………………………………………………………………

2.      Sebuah sepeda yang mahal.

……………………………………………………………………….……

3.      Anak kedua pamanku. ……………………………………………………………………….……

4.      Istri ketiga Brian yang cantik. ……………………………………………………………………….……

5.      Sepuluh buah apel hijau yang besar besar. ……………………………………………………………………….……

6.      Lima mangga mudaku yang asam. ……………………………………………………………………….……

7.      Suara aneh yang mengerikan. ……………………………………………………………………….……

8.      Sebuah telaga merah keramat. ……………………………………………………………………….……

9.      Tiga pemuda tinggi yang rajin. ……………………………………………………………………….……

10.  Seorang pengusaha sukses yang kaya. ……………………………………………………………………….…….

II.    Arrange into good phrase!

1.      Lady-a/an-thin-smart-young-kind.

………………………………………………………………………………

2.      Some-big-boats-blue-beautiful.

………………………………………………………………………………

3.      Kind-teacher-my-interesting-old.

………………………………………………………………………………

4.      Round-small-lamp-new-a.

………………………………………………………………………………

5.      Knives-new-sharp-three-dangerous.

………………………………………………………………………………

ADJECTIVE vs. ADVERB

Underline the correct answers below!

1.      She shouted (angry/angrily) at him.

2.      He is a (careless/carelessly) worker.

3.      If you ask (nice/nicely), I will give it to you.

4.      Be Quiet! I can't think (clear/clearly) if you are always talking.

5.      Why are you (angry/angrily)?

6.      You are always so (slow/slowly), come on!

7.      Those chocolates look (nice/nicely). Can I have one?

8.      She opened the door (slow/slowly).

9.      It is a beautiful (clear/clearly) day.

10.  You write so (careless/carelessly). Look at these mistakes!

Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb like in the example.
Example: Peter works ______ (slow).
Answer: Peter works slowly.

1)          He ____________ reads a book. (quick)

2)          Mandy is a ____________ girl. (pretty)

3)          The class is ____________ loud today. (terrible)

4)          Max is a ____________ singer. (good)

5)          You can____________  open this tin. (easy)

6)          It's a  ____________ day today. (terrible)

7)          She sings the song ____________. (good)

8)          He is a ____________ driver. (careful)

9)          He drives the car ____________. (careful)

10)      The dog barks ____________  (loud)