ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURE



Chapter IX
ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURE

Def      : Pemendekan kalimat dengan menghilangkan bagian bagian yang sama.
Kinds:
a.       Adverb
1.      Positive (+)
Adverb           : so …… / …… too
Form               :
Statement, and + so + aux + S
Statement, and + S + aux + too

E.g.:
- Roy is studying English
- I am studying English
=> Roy is studying English, and so am I
    Roy is studying English, and I am too
 
2.      Negative (-)
Adverb           : neither …… / ……. Either
Form               :
Statement, and + neither + aux + S
Statement, and + S + aux + not + either

E.g.
- I haven’t slept
- He hasn’t slept
=> I haven’t slept, and neither has he
=> I haven’t slept, and he hasn’t either

NOTICE!!!
1.      Pemendekan dengan menggunakan adverb haya bisa dilakukan ketika subject berbeda.
2.      Auxiliary mengikuti bentuk dan tenses statement.
E.g.
- I am an author, so does my mother. (incorrect)
- I am an author, so is my mother. (correct)
3.      Menggunakan auxiliary yang pertama.
E.g.
- Bob will have been in Mexico
- Sarah will have been in Mexico
=> Bob will have been in Mexico, and so will have been Sarah. (incorrect)
=> Bob will have been in Mexico, and so will Sarah. (correct)

b.      Conjunction
1.      2 poin tercapai
Conjunction   : ……. and ……
                         Both …… and ……
                         Not only …… but also ……

E.g:
a)      Menghubungkan subject
-         She is going to school
-         I am going to school
Ø  She and I are going to school (Plural verb)
Ø  Both She and I are going to school (Plural verb)
Ø  Not only she but also I am going to school (the last subject verb)

b)      Menghubungkan verb
-         John has a new book
-         John reads a new book
Ø  John has and reads a new book
Ø  John both has and reads a new book
Ø  John not only has but also reads a new book

c)      Menghubungkan object
-         I enjoy watching Harry Potter
-         I enjoy watching Jumanji
Ø  I enjoy watching Harry potter and Jumanji
Ø  I enjoy watching both Harry Potter and Jumanji
Ø  I enjoy watching not only Harry Potter but also Jumanji

2.      2 poin tidak tercapai
Conjunction               : neither …… nor ……

E.g:
a)      Menghubungkan subject
-         Ron doesn’t buy a cycle
-         Frank doesn’t buy a cycle
Ø  Neither Ron nor Frank buys a cycle (the last subject verb)
b)      Menghubungkan verb
-         Sarah won’t forgive you
-         Sarah won’t visit you
Ø  Sarah will neither forgive nor visit you
c)      Menghubungkan object
-         One doesn’t like loving
-         One doesn’t like being loved
Ø  One likes neither loving nor being loved

3.      1 poin tercapai
Conjunction               : either …… or ……

E.g:
a)      Menghubungkan subject
-         You were doing the homework or
-         She was doing the homework
Ø  Either you or she was doing the homework (the last subject verb)

b)      Menghubungkan verb
-         They are sleeping or
-         They are swimming
Ø  They are either sleeping or swimming

c)      Menghubungkan object
-         Sam studies English or
-         Sam studies Arabic
Ø  Sam studies either English or Arabic

4.      Bertentangan
Conjunction               : …… but ……
E.g:
a)      Menghubungkan subject
-         I can speak English
-         He can’t speak English
Ø  I can speak English, but he can’t.
b)      Menghubungkan verb
-         I am not singing
-         I am reading
Ø  I am not singing, but reading

c)      Menghubungkan object
-         My father doesn’t drive a truck
-         My father drives a bus
Ø  My father doesn’t drive a truck, but a bus

d)     Menghubungkan adjective
-         She is beautiful
-         She is poor
Ø  She is beautiful, but arrogant



ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURE

Complete these sentences by using adverb!
1.        I don’t like horror movies. Alice doesn’t like horror movies.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2.        You went to market yesterday. Jane went to market yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………
3.        Jim can’t speak Arabic. Sam can’t speak Arabic.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4.        John has visited Pare. You have visited Pare.
…………………………………………………………………………………
5.        You were not at home last night. I was not at home last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………We have an expensive car. Glenn has an expensive car.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6.        I’m tired. He is tired.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7.        I didn’t enjoy the movie last night. She didn’t enjoy the movie last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………
8.        I’ve never been in France. Anton’s never been in France.
…………………………………………………………………………………
9.        I always have a cup of coffee in the morning. Rose always has a cup of coffee in the morning.
…………………………………………………………………………………

Combine these sentences by using not only…but also, both…and, either…or, and neither…nor!
1.        He does not have a pen. He does not have a paper.
______________________________________________________________
2.        Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding.
______________________________________________________________
3.        She is opening the door. She is greeting the guests.
______________________________________________________________
4.        Arthur is absent. Ricardo is absent
______________________________________________________________
5.        We can fix dinner for them here, or we can take them to a restaurant.
______________________________________________________________
6.        She wants to buy a Chevrolet, or she wants to buy a Toyota.
______________________________________________________________

7.        The leopard faces extinction. The tiger faces extinction.
______________________________________________________________
8.        The library doesn’t have the book I need. The book store doesn’t have the book I need.
______________________________________________________________
9.        We could fly, or we could take the train.
______________________________________________________________
10.    Arthur is not in class today. Ricardo is not in class today.
______________________________________________________________




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